Why most “should we bid?” gut calls fail
Estimating time is a sunk cost the moment you start. The correct decision uses two independent filters:
- Fit/risk score — qualitative go/no-go on whether this job belongs in your book (scope match, documents, payment risk, capacity).
- Expected value — whether the probability-weighted profit covers the certain cost of bidding plus any calendar opportunity cost.
Either filter can kill the bid. A dream-margin job with a 5% win chance and a $6,000 estimate package is often a no-go; a smaller job with strong fit and idle capacity can be a clear go.
Scorecard
Each factor is scored 1–5. The composite is:
score100 = 100 × Σ(weighti × ratingi) / (5 × Σ weighti)
Default thresholds used by this tool:
- Go — score ≥ 70 and EV > 0
- Conditional — score 55–69 with EV > 0, or score ≥ 70 with EV near zero (tighten scope, ask for addenda, or cut bid cost first)
- No-go — score < 55 or EV ≤ 0
Factor weights (normalized to sum 100): scope/experience fit 18, document completeness 12, owner/payment risk 16, competition intensity 12, margin realism 14, location/logistics 8, capacity/backlog fit 12, commercial/contract risk 8. These mirror common contractor bid/no-bid checklists used in construction-management practice; adjust your judgment inside the 1–5 ratings rather than inventing new weights every time.
Expected value
- Job profit if won = contract value × net margin.
- EV = P(win) × job profit − bid cost − opportunity cost.
- Bid cost and opportunity cost are paid (or forgone) win or lose — they are certain costs, not probability-weighted.
- Break-even win probability = (bid cost + opportunity cost) / job profit. If your honest P(win) is below that line, do not bid.
- Sanity check: with n equally credible competitors and no relationship edge, a naive prior is ~1/(n+1). If your entered P(win) is more than ~2× that prior, you should be able to name a specific edge (relationship, unique means/methods, incumbent knowledge).
Sources & assumptions
- Expected-value decision rule for irreversible spend under uncertainty is standard decision analysis (Raiffa; Clemen & Reilly, Making Hard Decisions).
- Contractor bid/no-bid factor sets appear across construction-management literature and industry practice guides — e.g. PMI construction / AGC estimating guidance, and survey-based bid/no-bid factor studies in the Journal of Construction Engineering and Management tradition (owner, competition, risk, capacity, and document quality consistently rank high).
- Win-rate priors from equal-competitor auctions follow from elementary probability (1/(n+1) with n rivals under exchangeability); real rates deviate with relationships, prequalification, and bid shopping.
- Defaults are illustrative. Public low-bid work often clears thinner margins than private negotiated work. This tool is a decision aid, not legal, bonding, or accounting advice.